#Acquired_immunity
The acquired or specific immune responses include two broad categories: Antibody mediated immune response (AMI) or humoral immunity, and Cell-mediated immune response (CMI).
Antibody mediated immune response
Antibody mediated immunity refers to the immune response initiated by antibodies released from B-cells. The B lymphocytes or B cells, on interaction with antigens, proliferate and differentiate into specialized cells called plasma cells and memory cells. The plasma cells produce antibodies that bind to the antigen and destroy them, while the memory cells remain in the body for a longer duration and stimulate B-cells to produce antibodies when the body is again exposed to the same antigen.
Cell-mediated immune response
The cell-mediated immune response involves the macrophages, natural killer cells (NK cells), helper T cells, and cytotoxic T cells. This provides major defense against intracellular viruses and cancer cells. Macrophages and NK cells target cells infected with micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and certain fungi. Helper T cells, also known as CD4 cells or CD4 lymphocytes, are white blood cells that carry CD4 receptor on their surface. CD4 cells play an important role by stimulating other immune cells during an immune response. T cells with CD4 receptors recognize antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and secrete lymphokines that stimulate B cells and cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T cells, also known as CD8 cells or killer T cells, have T cell receptors (TCRs) on their surface that recognize an antigenic peptide complexed with MHC class I molecule. These white blood cells thus help in destroying infected and damaged cells.
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