#Vertebral_column
Although humans are born with 33 bones, certain parts of the vertebrae fuse during development resulting in 24 separate vertebra and two fused bones.
The spinal column is divisible into 5 regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal.
• The cervical region has 7 vertebrae. The first and second vertebrae are modified into atlas and axis, to afford movement of the skull. Atlas supports the skull and allows a nodding movement whereas Axis allows skull rotation.
• There are 12 thoracic vertebrae, which are modified for providing articulation to the ribs. The thoracic vertebrae are connected to the ribs and sternum forming a thoracic cage, protecting heart and lungs.
• The lumbar region has 5 strongly built vertebrae.
• The sacral (hip) region has 5 fused vertebrae, forming a complete triangular bone called sacrum, which gives rigidity and support to the pelvic girdle.
• The coccygeal region has the lowest 4 vertebrae which are fused to form the tailbone or coccyx.
Functions of Spinal column
All the elements of the spinal column and vertebrae serve the purpose of protecting the spinal cord, enclosed in the neural canal. The backbone or spine is also the powerhouse of the entire body, supporting the trunk and making all of the movements of head, arms, and legs possible. The intervertebral foramen provides the passage for the spinal nerves and blood vessels.
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Anatomy of Vertebral column anatomy of the ear | |
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